Because diamonds undergo various structural changes due to their exposure to specific pressure, temperature, and impurities during their formation, resulting in their distinctive hues.

Because diamonds undergo various structural changes due to their exposure to specific pressure, temperature, and impurities during their formation, resulting in their distinctive hues.

In the depths of the Earth, diamonds are formed under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, a testament to the planet's enduring power. These precious stones, made of pure carbon, can reveal fascinating insights about our world's history and carbon cycles.

Diamonds that remain deep within the Earth for millions of years may melt or transform into graphite. However, for a diamond to retain its lattice structure, it needs to rise to the surface swiftly after formation. This is because the pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle are intense enough for carbon atoms to bind together in a tight lattice.

The colours that diamonds display are a result of various elements or factors that affect their crystal structure as they form deep within the Earth. Let's delve into the causes of these vibrant hues:

• Yellow Diamonds: The presence of nitrogen atoms primarily causes the yellowish hue in yellow diamonds. Nitrogen replaces some of the carbon atoms in the diamond's crystal structure, resulting in a yellowish tint.
• Blue Diamonds: The rare and prized blue coloration in diamonds is due to the presence of boron. Boron atoms replace some of the carbon atoms during the diamond formation process.
• Green Diamonds: Green diamonds are less common and often result from exposure to radiation during their formation. This radiation can alter the diamond's crystal structure, giving it a green appearance. There are also natural green diamonds, though they are extremely rare.
• Pink Diamonds: Pink diamonds are among the rarest colored diamonds, and their exact color mechanism is not fully understood. It is believed that plastic deformation during the diamond's formation process might contribute to the pink color, though no specific element is universally agreed upon to cause this coloration.

In general, the incorporation of trace elements or defects during the diamond formation process can lead to these unique colors, making each colored diamond highly valuable and sought after.

The Argyle mine in Western Australia has produced pink diamonds that were formed during the breakup of Earth's first supercontinent 1.3 billion years ago. Similarly, the Winston Diamond, a bright red diamond, likely originated from somewhere in Venezuela or Brazil.

Interestingly, studying fancy color diamonds, such as pink and red, can provide researchers with valuable insights into Earth's history and carbon cycles. By analyzing these diamonds, scientists can understand their geographic origin and the conditions under which they were formed.

The majority of diamonds are colorless, but if a diamond is under too much pressure, it can turn brown. Conversely, if a diamond is not under enough pressure, it stays colorless. There are very few pink diamonds compared to brown diamonds, making them even more precious.

This research into the formation of colored diamonds was published in the journal Nature Communications in 2023, offering a fascinating glimpse into the secrets hidden within these sparkling gems.

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