Chief Justice Gavai’s legacy reshapes India’s legal and environmental landscape

From controversial environmental clearances to electoral reforms, his decisions sparked debate—and set precedents. What’s next for India’s highest court?

, and Administrator

2025 November 23 . 3:21 AM

1 min read

people are sitting on the chairs. in front of them there is a table on which there is a jug, papers... — people are sitting on the chairs. in front of them there is a table on which there is a jug, papers and pen. behind that there are people seated on the chairs. the person at the center is holding a microphone and speaking. behind them there is a white and blue flag. at the back there is a white and blue background on which honorable camara de is written.

Chief Justice Gavai’s legacy reshapes India’s legal and environmental landscape

Justice B R Gavai, the 52nd Chief Justice of India, will retire on 23 November after reaching the mandatory age limit. His tenure saw major rulings that reshaped legal precedents and judicial independence. From environmental laws to electoral reforms, his decisions left a lasting mark on India’s legal landscape.

Gavai’s time as Chief Justice included several high-profile cases. In 2024, he reviewed and upheld the Vanashakti decision, allowing the central government to grant ‘ex post facto’ environmental clearances—a move criticised by environmental groups. Later, he revisited the same judgement, reinforcing its validity.

Gavai’s retirement closes a chapter marked by significant legal changes. His rulings on environmental laws, electoral transparency, and judicial autonomy will continue to influence India’s courts. The next Chief Justice will inherit a system shaped by his decisions—and the debates they sparked.