Dietary considerations for macular degeneration: Foods to steer clear of and suggested meal plans

Dietary considerations for macular degeneration: Foods to steer clear of and suggested meal plans

In the realm of eye health, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant concern, particularly as we age. A new body of research suggests that our diet plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of this condition.

A high-cholesterol diet has been linked to an increased risk of AMD, primarily due to the accumulation of lipids under the retina. This accumulation contributes to the formation of drusen deposits, which damage retinal cells and promote inflammation. Both high LDL ("bad") cholesterol and high HDL ("good") cholesterol levels can increase AMD risk, though through different mechanisms.

To reduce the risk of macular degeneration related to cholesterol and diet, it is recommended to avoid foods that raise LDL cholesterol, contribute to inflammation, or increase oxidative stress. This includes foods high in saturated fats and trans fats, found in processed and fried foods; highly processed foods containing preservatives, excess salt, and sugar; excessive alcohol intake; sugary foods and drinks; and refined carbohydrates, which have a high glycemic index and can cause rapid spikes in blood glucose levels.

Conversely, dietary patterns that support eye health and reduce AMD risk traditionally include leafy green vegetables, foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, nuts and seeds, lean meats and poultry, and a high fiber diet of fruits, vegetables, whole-grain toast, and oats. These foods provide antioxidants and nutrients that protect retinal cells from oxidative damage and inflammation.

Adhering to a Mediterranean diet may also protect against macular degeneration. This diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats, has been suggested by the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and a 2023 systematic review.

Regular checkups with an ophthalmologist are necessary to monitor eye function for people with macular degeneration. Meeting with a dietitian can help a person understand nutrition labels and map out a meal plan that reduces the risk of AMD.

Simple meal ideas for people with macular degeneration include low-fat yogurt, whole-grain toast, fiber-rich smoothies, fish such as tuna or salmon, green salad, eggplant lasagna, whole grain pita bread, salad with toasted nuts, baked skinless chicken with vegetables, nuts, fruits, olives, sardines, kale chips, steamed edamame, and hummus and vegetables for snacks.

In summary, to reduce the risk of AMD linked with cholesterol and diet, avoid high saturated-fat, processed, high-salt, high-sugar, and excessive alcohol-containing foods, and emphasize nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich foods for retinal protection. Regular checkups with an ophthalmologist and consulting with a dietitian can further support your efforts to maintain good eye health.

References:

1. PubMed Central (PMC) Article: Dietary fats and age-related macular degeneration
2. PubMed Central (PMC) Article: Dietary patterns and age-related macular degeneration
3. PubMed Central (PMC) Article: The role of cholesterol in age-related macular degeneration
4. PubMed Central (PMC) Article: Nutritional factors and age-related macular degeneration
5. PubMed Central (PMC) Article: Dietary antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration
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