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EU Enlargement in 2025: Why Some Nations Surge While Others Struggle

From Moldova’s rapid reforms to Ukraine’s race against time, this week’s *The Neighbourhood* unpacks why EU expansion remains a tale of two speeds. Can Brussels turn promises into progress?

In this image we can see status on a platform, wall and pillars.
In this image we can see status on a platform, wall and pillars.

EU Enlargement in 2025: Why Some Nations Surge While Others Struggle

This week's episode of 'The Neighbourhood' delves into the intricacies of EU enlargement, focusing on the progress and challenges of reforms on the ground. Recorded on November 12th, 2025, the discussion features senior policy fellows Tiago Antunes, Leo Litra, and Engjellushe Morina from the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). They explore how to make EU conditionality more credible and whether EU reforms are driving change in governments and institutions.

The 2025 Enlargement Package reveals a mixed picture. Ukraine and Moldova are advancing, with Moldova making the most progress among all candidates in the past year. However, Ukraine needs to accelerate reforms to meet its 2028 EU accession target, while the European Commission monitors negotiations and reform requirements.

Meanwhile, Serbia and Georgia lag behind. The episode explores why some countries progress faster than others, touching on political will, institutional resilience, and the impact of enlargement on people's lives. Internal EU divisions and reform fatigue also come under scrutiny.

The EU's expansion continues to pose challenges and spark debate. While Ukraine and Moldova show progress, Serbia and Georgia face hurdles. This week's episode of 'The Neighbourhood' offers insights into how to make EU conditionality more credible and whether EU reforms are driving change. As the enlargement process evolves, understanding these dynamics is crucial for the EU and its neighbours.

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