Expanded Heart (Dilated Cardiomyopathy) in Cats, an article authored by Sarah J. Wooten, DVM, and reviewed by Emily Oliver, CVT, published on July 30, 2023, and last updated on July 31, 2025. Sharing options include Facebook, Twitter, Email, and Print.
In the feline world, heart health is of utmost importance. One such condition that cat owners should be aware of is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). While taurine deficiency used to be a major cause of DCM, it is now less common due to taurine supplementation in commercial cat foods.
Beyond taurine deficiency, common causes of DCM in cats include viral infections, toxins, and drug exposure. Cats of certain breeds such as Burmese, Siamese, and Abyssinians can be predisposed to DCM, indicating possible genetic or idiopathic factors.
Viral infections can trigger cardiac muscle damage leading to DCM. Exposure to certain toxins or medications might also contribute to myocardial damage. In many cases, the exact cause remains unknown.
Annual health and heart checks by a veterinarian can help catch any problems early. If a cat is diagnosed with DCM, it's crucial to keep the cat indoors in a low-stress environment.
The treatment for DCM in cats typically involves heart medication as the long-term treatment of choice. Pimobendan or digoxin may be prescribed to strengthen the heart muscle and dilate blood vessels. Some cats may need a low-sodium diet.
Furosemide, a diuretic that removes excess fluid from the body, is often prescribed. Anti-arrhythmia heart medication may be prescribed if clinically indicated. Blood vessel dilators may also be prescribed to reduce the work the heart has to do.
Taurine supplementation may be prescribed if clinically indicated. Recheck appointments are crucial for monitoring a cat's response to therapy and managing medication dosage. During these appointments, the cat's blood pressure will be taken and blood samples will be taken.
Related conditions to DCM include congestive heart failure, thromboembolism, pleural effusion, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Feeding cats a vegetarian or vegan diet should be avoided.
It's important to note that DCM in cats not related to a taurine deficiency carries a poor prognosis, with survival usually being weeks to months after initial diagnosis. Food recommendations should be sought from a veterinarian to tempt a cat with DCM to eat.
In summary, viral, toxic, and idiopathic causes along with breed predispositions are the typical non-taurine-related factors linked to feline dilated cardiomyopathy. Early detection and proper management can improve a cat's chances of living a healthy life despite this condition. Always consult with a veterinarian for advice tailored to your cat's specific needs.
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