Experiencing Different Kinds of Air Turbulence and Guidelines for Reporting Each Instance
In the skies, turbulence is a common occurrence, affecting flights more often than not. This article aims to provide valuable insights on how to report turbulence to Air Traffic Control (ATC), ensuring the safety and awareness of all involved.
When encountering turbulence, the type and frequency of the disturbance are crucial details to note. Here's a breakdown of the various turbulence types:
- Light chop: A slight, rhythmic bumpiness in flight that does not cause significant changes in aircraft control.
- Light turbulence: Momentary erratic changes in altitude or attitude; slight strain against seat belts.
- Moderate chop: More intense bumps or jolts than light chop without significant altitude or attitude change.
- Moderate turbulence: Definite altitude or attitude changes, some strain against seat belts, objects dislodged.
- Severe turbulence: Large, abrupt altitude or attitude changes; potential temporary loss of control.
- Extreme turbulence: Violent tosses, practically impossible to control, possible structural damage.
The frequency of turbulence occurrence is equally important. It can be categorised as:
- Occasional: Less than 1/3 of the time.
- Intermittent: Between 1/3 and 2/3 of the time.
- Continuous: More than 2/3 of the time.
When reporting turbulence to ATC, make sure to include both the type and frequency of the turbulence. For instance, a pilot report (PIREP) might sound like:
"Center, N123AB, reporting moderate turbulence, intermittent, at FL350."
This approach clearly informs ATC of both the intensity and frequency, helping with traffic advisories and pilot awareness.
It's worth noting that no specific distinct phraseology for reporting turbulence frequency to ATC is universally mandated. However, the standard PIREP format includes turbulence type and frequency as detailed above. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also encourages providing accurate turbulence intensity details and frequency when reporting to ATC or other pilots [1][2][4].
For those seeking to enhance their flying skills, Boldmethod offers an Instrument Procedures course to help earn an instrument rating and master Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). Subscribing to the Boldmethod email also provides real-world flying tips and information [3].
Stay informed, stay safe, and happy flying!
[1] FAA - AIM, Chapter 4 - Flight Commands, Section 4-1-11, Reporting Turbulence [2] FAA - AIM, Chapter 4 - Flight Commands, Section 4-1-12, PIREP Example [3] Boldmethod - Instrument Procedures Course [4] FAA - FAA Order 7110.65, Para 4-3-4, Turbulence Reporting and Forecasting
