"Fertility Challenges Need Not Be Permanent": Exploring In Vitro Fertilization Progress in Kazakhstan and Its Increasing Popularity Among Couples
In Kazakhstan, a growing concern is the increasing rate of infertility cases. This trend is primarily influenced by factors related to female reproductive health, age, and a lack of fertility awareness [1].
A recent study has identified common causes of infertility among women, with ovulatory disorders (29.1%), unexplained infertility (22.2%), and male factors (12.3%) being the most prevalent [1]. Age is a critical factor, as fertility declines significantly with advancing maternal age. However, awareness about the impact of aging on fertility remains low among women in Kazakhstan [1].
The study also highlighted the need for improved fertility education, suggesting that women lack adequate information on reproductive health and assisted reproductive technologies. This knowledge gap can be addressed through the integration of fertility education into health promotion programs, utilising social media and healthcare services [1].
Socioeconomic elements such as education and income levels also play a role, but the study noted that around 45% of infertile women had university education, indicating that infertility is not confined to any single demographic group [1]. Other lifestyle and biological factors, such as ovarian reserve (AMH levels), genetic factors, and health behaviors, are also relevant, but data specific to Kazakhstan is limited [2].
The total fertility rate (average number of children per woman) in Kazakhstan has decreased by about 1.49 children per woman from 1960 to 2023, currently standing at 3.01. This reflects demographic changes that may indirectly contribute to infertility trends [3].
Infertility treatment in Kazakhstan, particularly In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), offers a glimmer of hope for those struggling with infertility. IVF is a process where fertilization occurs outside the body, involving several stages: ovulation stimulation, egg retrieval, laboratory fertilization, and embryo transfer [4].
IVF is typically the last resort in treating infertility when other methods have failed. Both partners should get tested for potential causes of infertility. Psychological preparation is crucial for navigating the different stages of the IVF process and dealing with uncertain outcomes [4].
The legal environment for IVF in Kazakhstan is favourable, and the country allows egg donation and surrogacy, which many countries do not [4]. IVF is significantly cheaper in Kazakhstan compared to global prices, making it an attractive option for foreign patients [4].
The cost of one IVF program in Kazakhstan, including all expenses, is approximately 3 million tenge. The first successful IVF pregnancy in Kazakhstan occurred on the first attempt in July 1996, paving the way for countless success stories since then [4].
It's important to approach the IVF process not only medically but also with attention to emotional state. Delaying a visit to the doctor can decrease the chances of successful treatment, especially after the age of 35 [4].
Approximately 15% of married couples in Kazakhstan struggle with infertility, and the first child born through IVF in Kazakhstan is now 29 years old [4]. The first IVF pregnancy in Kazakhstan was achieved in the first month of work by a team that had received training in Moscow [4].
In conclusion, the main contributing factors to rising infertility in Kazakhstan are ovulatory problems, aging-related decline in fertility, limited fertility awareness, and some male factor infertility, coupled with a lack of comprehensive reproductive health education targeted at prevention and early intervention [1][2][3]. IVF offers a promising solution for those struggling with infertility in Kazakhstan, with its favourable legal environment, affordable prices, and successful track record.
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