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Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions Revive Fears Over Pakistan’s Shadowy Past Cooperation

A.Q. Khan’s legacy looms large as Iran’s uranium enrichment hits 60%. Could history repeat itself with Pakistan’s help? The stakes for global security have never been higher.

The image shows a poster of a political map of Pakistan, with text at the top and bottom of the...
The image shows a poster of a political map of Pakistan, with text at the top and bottom of the image. The map is detailed, showing the various regions of the country, as well as the major cities, rivers, and other geographical features. The colors used are mostly shades of blue, green, and yellow, giving the map a vibrant and eye-catching look.

Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions Revive Fears Over Pakistan’s Shadowy Past Cooperation

New concerns have emerged over Iran’s nuclear ambitions and their historical ties to Pakistan’s controversial exports. Decades-old links between the two nations now raise questions about future risks. Analysts warn that past cooperation could resurface, further complicating regional security.

Pakistan’s nuclear programme played a key role in Iran’s early enrichment efforts. In the 1980s and 1990s, A.Q. Khan’s network supplied Tehran with critical technology and materials. This transfer laid the groundwork for Iran’s current uranium enrichment capabilities, including its recent 60 per cent enrichment at fortified sites like Fordow.

Both countries have since faced scrutiny over transparency. Iran’s refusal to grant IAEA inspectors full access mirrors Pakistan’s earlier evasions. Meanwhile, Pakistan’s failure to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has long undermined global trust in non-proliferation efforts. The country’s ambiguous stance weakens enforcement of international safeguards. Recent instability in Pakistan adds to the risks. Jihadist attacks on military facilities have heightened fears of fissile material theft. Economic pressures and political turmoil could push elites to revive nuclear cooperation with Iran for survival or profit. Public statements from Islamabad supporting Tehran’s 'peaceful' nuclear rights suggest a continuing strategic bond. The convergence of economic and security interests between the two nations could escalate tensions. If past patterns repeat, Iran’s nuclear programme might receive further covert assistance, deepening regional instability.

The historical ties between Iran and Pakistan’s nuclear programmes remain a source of concern. Unresolved transparency issues and ongoing security threats increase the likelihood of future proliferation risks. Without stricter oversight, the potential for renewed cooperation could further destabilise an already volatile region.

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