Kazakhstan's 2026 referendum to decide sweeping constitutional reforms
Kazakhstan's President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has defended the latest constitutional draft against criticism. The proposed changes have sparked debates, particularly over language policies. Tokayev addressed concerns while outlining key reforms set for a 2026 referendum.
The new constitution introduces several major shifts. For the first time, it will establish the development of science, education, culture and innovation as a core principle of state governance. Intellectual property will also gain constitutional protection to support the creative economy.
The draft maintains that both Kazakh and Russian versions of the constitution hold equal legal force. However, public debate has grown since the 2022 constitution, with Russian-speaking groups pushing to keep Russian's 'equal' status rather than shifting it to 'alongside Kazakh'. Tokayev criticised articles defending Russian written by those he claims lack fluency in the language. Other reforms include a stronger emphasis on Kazakhstan's secular nature, especially in education. The constitution will also explicitly prohibit retroactive laws that worsen legal positions or impose new obligations. A national referendum on March 15, 2026, will finalise these changes.
The constitutional draft sets out clear legal and cultural frameworks. It aims to modernise governance while addressing linguistic and educational concerns. The final decision will rest with voters in the 2026 referendum.
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