Signs and Symptoms of Asthma Triggered by Viruses
Article: The Link Between Common Cold Viruses and Asthma
A growing body of evidence suggests a significant correlation between common cold viruses, particularly rhinoviruses, and the development of asthma, particularly in children.
Respiratory viral infections, such as those caused by rhinoviruses, have been identified as key environmental risk factors for the development of asthma in early life. These infections can trigger asthma onset and exacerbate existing asthma by promoting airway inflammation and immune responses that contribute to chronic respiratory issues.
Among the most potent environmental risk factors for asthma development in childhood is the occurrence of rhinovirus infections early in life. These infections can cause airway damage and alter immune responses during a critical period of lung development, thereby increasing the risk of asthma.
In adults, while the direct role of common cold viruses in the initial development of asthma is less established, they remain a major trigger for asthma exacerbations (flare-ups). Any lung infection, including those caused by common cold viruses, can worsen asthma symptoms and provoke attacks in both children and adults with asthma.
It's important to note that this correlation reflects both genetic predispositions and environmental triggers, with viral infections being a key environmental factor for asthma onset and attacks.
Common cold viruses, such as rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), can exacerbate asthma symptoms, leading to difficulty breathing, chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common airway obstruction in children, and a risk factor for developing childhood asthma.
In addition to viral infections, other environmental triggers such as sensitivity to dust mites, animal dander, and sinusitis can also act as triggers for viral asthma.
While the exact mechanisms by which viral infections contribute to asthma development are not fully understood, treatments such as short-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists inhalers and corticosteroids may be prescribed to manage viral asthma symptoms. However, long-term use of corticosteroids from childhood can lead to adverse effects such as reduced bone density, increased risk of infection, and weight gain.
Given the potential risks associated with viral asthma, it's crucial for individuals, particularly infants and children, experiencing viral-induced asthma symptoms to seek medical attention promptly for diagnosis and treatment.
This consensus is supported by recent clinical studies, comprehensive reviews, and mechanistic insights into inflammation and immune responses in asthma. As research continues, a clearer understanding of the role of viral infections in asthma development and management is expected to emerge.
