France debates whether to classify incel networks as a security threat
France’s domestic intelligence agency, the DGSI, is under pressure to treat online male-supremacist networks as a major security threat. The push comes despite internal doubts from agents and magistrates, who argue that resources should focus on more urgent dangers. Meanwhile, research suggests that violence linked to the so-called 'incel' subculture remains rare, with around 59 deaths recorded worldwide. The term 'incel' describes an online subculture of mostly heterosexual men who blame their lack of romantic success on women and society. Some promote extreme misogyny, but studies by evolutionary psychologist William Costello show that actual killings tied to the movement are uncommon.
In 2025, French authorities investigated an 18-year-old accused of planning an attack inspired by incel ideology. The case was cited as proof of a growing trend, yet anti-terrorism prosecutors prefer handling such incidents individually. They see the violence as more of a social or mental-health issue than a structured terrorist threat.
The DGSI’s leadership, including Director General Céline Berthon, wants to increase surveillance of 'masculinist' forums and influencers. However, field agents resist the shift, comparing it to past demands to monitor Yellow Vest protests. They warn that expanding priorities could stretch already limited resources.
That same year, France thwarted six Islamist terrorist plots and launched 51 new jihadist investigations. These cases dominate counter-terrorism efforts, leaving many operatives sceptical about reallocating focus. The High Council for Equality between Women and Men (HCE) insists that 'masculinist' discourse poses a national security risk, urging its inclusion in DGSI assessments. The debate highlights a divide between political directives and operational realities. While some officials push for broader surveillance of extremist online communities, frontline agents remain concentrated on Islamist threats. For now, incel-related violence stays statistically low, but authorities continue to monitor its potential escalation.
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